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Tack and Equipment

Horse Illustrated’s Online Bit Guide

Selecting the right bit for your horse can be overwhelming, especially when you consider all the varieties that are dazzlingly displayed in catalogs and at tack stores. To help you differentiate between D-rings and eggbutts, Waterfords and Weymouths, we’ve prepared an online bit guide that reveals information about the most common styles of bits as well as some of the more creative ones. Before you begin browsing, here are a few tips to keep in mind.

A snaffle bit is recognizable by the rings attached to either side of the mouthpiece. The reins attach to the rings and guide the horse through direct contact.



Within the vast world of bits there are two categories that the majority of bits fall into: snaffles and curbs, and both can be used for English or western riding.



A snaffle is recognizable by the rings attached to either side of the mouthpiece. The reins attach to the rings and guide the horse through direct contact. For example, when you pull on the right rein the horse turns right in response to pressure on the corners of its mouth. This teaches the horse to bend laterally. When working on downward transitions and halts, snaffles exert pressure on the bars of the horse’s mouth, causing the horse to flex at the poll and bend vertically.

Curb bits work on leverage. Reins are attached to shanks, the vertical bars attached to the bit rings. When you pull back on the reins, the shanks create a lever action.

In contrast, curb bits work on leverage. Reins are attached to shanks, the vertical bars attached to the bit rings. When you pull back on the reins, the shanks create a lever action and pressure is exerted on the horse’s lower jaw, the bars of the mouth and the poll via the crownpiece of the bridle.

In general, a longer shank translates into more leverage and hence a more severe bit. Pressure is also felt on the horse’s chin, thanks to the curb strap or curb chain. Curb bits encourage the horse to lower their head and flex at the poll. Though curb bits can be ridden with two hands, in western riding the curb permits the rider to guide their horse through neck reining.

Snaffles and curbs are available in a wide range of mouthpieces, and each style—from smooth to twisted and low or high ports—provides a certain degree of severity. That’s why it’s important to choose a bit wisely, because once a horse’s mouth has become dull or sore due to a strong bit in rough hands, it’s difficult to re-school the horse to become light and responsive once again.

Snaffle Bits

Dr. Bristol

French Link

Mullen Mouth

Eggbutt Snaffle

D-Ring Snaffle

Rubber Mouth

Loose Ring

Full-Cheek

Key Bit


Waterford

Twisted Wire

Wire-Wrapped

Non-Pinch Bit

Chain Mouthpiece Bit

Gag Bit

 

Leverage Bits

High Port Curb

Weymouth

Tom Thumb

Pelham

Kimberwick

Correction Bit

Grazing Bit

Hinged Port

Western Gag

Spade Bit

 

Other Bits

Chifney

Cindy Hale

Cindy Hale’s life with horses has been filled with variety. As a child she rode western and learned to barrel race. Then she worked as a groom for a show barn, and was taught to harness and drive Welsh ponies. But once she’d taken her first lessons aboard American Saddlebreds she was hooked on English riding. Hunters and hunt seat equitation came next, and she spent decades competing in those divisions on the West Coast. Always seeking to improve her horsemanship, she rode in clinics conducted by world-class riders like George Morris, Kathy Kusner and Anne Kursinski. During that time, her family began raising Thoroughbred and warmblood sport horses, and Cindy experienced the thrills and challenges of training and showing the homebred greenies. Now retired from active competition, she’s a popular judge at local and county-rated open and hunter/jumper shows. She rides recreationally both English and western. Her Paint gelding, Wally, lives at home with her and her non-horsey husband, Ron.

View Comments

  • Well thank you for the explanations on the bits. When I got one of my horses the owner at the time to use a snaffle bit with long shanks. Tonya does put her weight into the bit. When I first got her she was fine but soon turned into a pull back horse. Now reading your article says a longer shank translates into more leverage and hence a more severe bit. I now wonder if the previous owner actually tried the long shanks on tonya. I wonder if tonya is reacting to the severity of the shanks. Thank you

  • Roxanne,
    A snaffle bit does not have shanks - in fact, a snaffle is defined by its lack thereof. Curb bits do have shanks; shanks are the defining feature of a curb bit. Curb bits can be made with jointed mouthpieces. A jointed mouthpiece is not a "snaffle" and while snaffle bits are typically jointed not all jointed bits are snaffle bits.

  • Thanks, Courtney, for your comments. You are quite correct: western curb bits can indeed have a jointed mouthpiece and yet still be a curb and work on leverage. A jointed mouthpiece does not a snaffle make. On the other hand, a snaffle can have a solid, straight mouthpiece: a mullen mouth snaffle is the prime example. Hopefully as we add more bits to the guide these differences will become even more clear and precise.
    I hope this will help readers like Roxanne learn more about bits. It can really be confusing!

  • Something else they could've mentioned is bitless bridles as they are much more humane and some horses (not all!) like them better. Good article though.

  • Hi,
    What's the difference between a racing D-ring snaffle and a hunter D-ring snaffle?I know the Ds are shaped differently, does that make a difference?

  • How does the horse feel with such a foreign object in its mouth? Is it a natural thing? How many of us humans would like to be 'ridden' like a horse with bith bits and snaffles and what not to control us? Horses were not born to be used like this. Free them.

  • Love your depiction,,I am the developer and patent holder of perhaps the most significant bit for horses in the last 10 years called MIRACLEBIT
    see us at http://www.miraclebit.com It stops soft palate displacement fully and guaranteed to do so, it stops tongue hanging, and allows more oxygen intake just to name a few of the attributes.
    I am a graduate in equine science from Colorado state and have trained successfully many Million dollar winning racehorses.
    Can you show the picture which I can produce digitally for you as I am certain your readers would be interested. Thanks
    Mike
    Owner
    Miraclebit.com

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