Horse Illustrated Magazine

Twitching is a method used to subdue horses without the use of drugs. It is frequently used for basic veterinary procedures such as passing a nasogastric tube in a colicky horse. Some handlers will also use i when working with a sensitive horse for things like clipping  ticklish area or sheath cleaning. The goal is to make the procedur safer for the horse and humans involved by restraining the horse. Unlike drugs used to calm horses, the effect ends almost immediately after the twitch is removed; no groggy recovery time afterwards.

Twitching Methods

Lip Twitch

There are a few methods used to twitch horses. The most common is a lip twitch where the horse’s upper lip is squeezed in a device. Veterinarians often use a rope twitch—sometimes called a hickory twitch– which is a small loop of rope on the end of a long wooden handle. This twitch typically requires one person to hold the twitch while another person is performing the procedure. The video below shows how a rope twitch is applied.

A one-man twitch uses essentially the same mechanism, but is a smaller device that clamps on the upper lip, then held closed with a clip or an attached rope that can be clipped to the halter and therefore doesn’t require a second person.

Ear Twitch

Another method of twitching is an ear twitch. This doesn’t use a separate device, but is simply a firm hold applying a slight twist to the ear.

How Twitching Works

The mechanism by which twitching subdues horses isn’t entirely understood. Researchers at Brown University sought to find out more about how lip and ear twitches work. The abstract of their study was published in the September-October 2016 Journal of Veterinary Behavior.

Using a group of 12 geldings, the researchers measured heart rate, heart rate variability, and salivary cortisol levels before and after application of the twitch. An increased heart rate is a possible sign of stress or pain while an increased heart rate variability—the change in interval between heartbeats—is a sign of reduced stress. Elevated cortisol levels are also a sign of a stress response. The aim was to determine stress and pain levels.

Effects of Twitching

The lip twitch caused a decreased heart rate and increased heart rate variability when applied for five minutes, but an increased heart rate and decreased heart rate variability when used for a longer period. There was no significant change in salivary cortisol levels. The researchers say this indicates that the lip twitch subdues horses through a calming, possibly pain-killing effect, but that the effect may be reduced after the first five minutes.

The ear twitch caused horses to have an increased heart rate and decreased heart rate variability regardless of duration. The salivary cortisol levels increased significantly. This suggests that the ear twitch causes a stressful, and likely painful, effect.

While restraining a horse on the fly when no lip twitch is available may sometimes be necessary to prevent an agitated horse from hurting himself or people around him, this research provides some evidence that lip twitching is a preferable method of restraint, when possible.

Twitching in veterinary procedures: How does this technique subdue horses?
Flakoll, B. et al.
Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research , Volume 15 , 88

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2016.08.044